In this chapter we explore maps, directions, and distances through the story of children travelling across India. Reading a map, understanding directions (North, South, East, West), and measuring distances on a map are the core skills we practise here.
Key Concepts
Directions: The four main directions are North (N), South (S), East (E), and West (W). In between we have North-East (NE), North-West (NW), South-East (SE), and South-West (SW).
Map Scale: A map is a small drawing of a large area. The scale tells us what a distance on the map equals in real life. For example, a scale of 1 cm = 100 km means every 1 cm on the map represents 100 km on the ground.
Reading a Map: Maps usually have a compass rose showing directions. The top of most maps points North.
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A map has a scale of 1 cm = 50 km. Two cities are 6 cm apart on the map. What is the real distance?
- Steps:
- Scale: 1 cm = 50 km
- Map distance = 6 cm
- Real distance = 6 x 50 = 300 km
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Priya is standing facing North. She turns to her right. Which direction is she now facing?
- Steps:
- Facing North, turning right means turning towards East.
- Answer: East
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On a map (scale 1 cm = 200 km), the distance between two towns is 3.5 cm. Find the actual distance.
- Steps:
- Real distance = 3.5 x 200 = 700 km
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Delhi is to the North of Mumbai. If you travel from Mumbai to Delhi, in which direction are you going?
- You go from South to North, so you travel North.
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A town P is to the East of town Q. In which direction is Q from P?
- If P is East of Q, then Q is West of P.
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Key Formula
Real Distance = Map Distance x Scale Value
Common mistakes
- Confusing left/right with East/West. Always check which direction you are facing first before deciding left or right.
- Forgetting to multiply the scale value; do not add.
Summary
Maps use a scale to represent real distances. Directions help us understand position. Always use the scale formula: Real Distance = Map Distance x Scale Value.