When you share 12 chocolates equally among 4 friends, each person gets 3. That is division! When you pour juice equally into glasses, that is also sharing. This chapter links division with equal sharing and introduces simple measurement ideas.
Division as Equal Sharing
Division means splitting a number into equal groups.
- 12 / 4 = 3 means "share 12 into 4 equal groups; each group has 3."
- The number being divided is the dividend (12).
- The number of groups is the divisor (4).
- The answer is the quotient (3).
- If something is left over, it is the remainder.
Formula: Dividend = Divisor x Quotient + Remainder
Division Tables (up to 10)
- Knowing multiplication tables helps with division:
- 15 / 3 = 5 because 3 x 5 = 15
- 24 / 6 = 4 because 6 x 4 = 24
Remainders
Sometimes sharing is not perfectly equal.
Example: 13 / 4 — four 4s make 16 (too big); three 4s make 12. So quotient = 3, remainder = 13 - 12 = 1.
Check: 4 x 3 + 1 = 13. Correct!
Measuring — Litres and Millilitres
- We measure liquid (water, milk, juice) in litres (L) and millilitres (mL).
- 1 L = 1,000 mL
- A small water bottle holds about 500 mL; a large bucket holds about 10 L.
Measuring — Kilograms and Grams
- We measure mass/weight in kilograms (kg) and grams (g).
- 1 kg = 1,000 g
- A bag of sugar often weighs 1 kg; a small biscuit weighs about 5 g.
Share 18 mangoes equally among 3 baskets. How many in each?
18 / 3 = 6 mangoes per basket.
25 toffees are shared among 4 children. How many does each get, and how many are left?
4 x 6 = 24, 25 - 24 = 1. Each child gets 6 toffees and 1 is left over.
Convert 3 L to mL.
3 L = 3 x 1,000 = 3,000 mL.
A bag weighs 2 kg 500 g. Express in grams.
2 kg 500 g = 2,000 + 500 = 2,500 g.
If 5 equal glasses together hold 2,500 mL, how much does one glass hold?
2,500 / 5 = 500 mL.
Common mistakes
- Students write the remainder as a decimal. In Class 4, we write remainder as a whole number.
- Remember: remainder is always less than the divisor.
Summary
Division is equal sharing. Dividend = Divisor x Quotient + Remainder. Liquids are measured in L/mL; mass in kg/g. 1 L = 1,000 mL and 1 kg = 1,000 g.