Raksha Bandhan

Raksha Bandhan is a beautiful festival where brothers and sisters share love, gifts, and sweets. It is also a perfect time to practise division and sharing equally! This chapter introduces division as equal sharing and equal grouping, and connects it to multiplication.

• What is Division?
• Division means splitting a number into equal groups.
• 12 sweets shared equally among 4 friends = 3 sweets each.
• 12 ÷ 4 = 3

Two Meanings of Division
1. Sharing equally: Put items into equal groups.
Example: 15 rakhis shared among 3 sisters = 15 ÷ 3 = 5 each.
2. Grouping: How many groups of a given size can you make?
Example: 20 ladoos packed 4 per box → 20 ÷ 4 = 5 boxes.

Division and Multiplication — Fact Families
Division and multiplication are opposites (inverse operations).
If 3 × 5 = 15, then 15 ÷ 3 = 5 and 15 ÷ 5 = 3.
These three facts form a fact family.

• Division Notation
• 12 ÷ 4 = 3 is read as "12 divided by 4 equals 3."
• 12 is the dividend (number being divided)
• 4 is the divisor (number you divide by)
• 3 is the quotient (answer)

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Example 1: Sharing equally
Misha has 18 toffees. She shares them equally among her 3 brothers. How many does each brother get?
18 ÷ 3 = 6 toffees each

Example 2: Grouping
There are 24 flowers. Each rakhi needs 4 flowers. How many rakhis can be made?
24 ÷ 4 = 6 rakhis

Example 3: Using multiplication to divide
28 ÷ 7 = ?
Think: 7 × ? = 28 → 7 × 4 = 28. So 28 ÷ 7 = 4

Example 4: Fact family
Write the fact family for 5, 8, and 40.
5 × 8 = 40; 8 × 5 = 40; 40 ÷ 5 = 8; 40 ÷ 8 = 5

Example 5: Word problem
36 students are divided into equal teams of 9. How many teams?
36 ÷ 9 = 4 teams

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• Key Rules
• Any number divided by 1 = that number (e.g., 7 ÷ 1 = 7)
• Any number divided by itself = 1 (e.g., 7 ÷ 7 = 1)
• 0 divided by any number = 0 (e.g., 0 ÷ 5 = 0)
• We cannot divide by 0.